Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
Volume 70, Issue 4 , Pages 403-407 , April 2004

Acetylcholine mediated vasodilatation in the microcirculation of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

,Accepted 18 December 2003.

References 

  1. Fukuda K, Straus S, Hickie I. The International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. Chronic fatigue syndrome (a comprehensive approach to its definition and study). Ann. Int. Med. 1994;121:953–959
  2. Chaudhuri A, Majeed T, Dinan T, Behan PO. Chronic fatigue syndrome (a disorder of central cholinergic transmission). J. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1997;3:3–16
  3. Tomoda A, Miike T, Yamada E, et al.  Chronic fatigue syndrome in childhood. Brain Dev. 2002;22:60–64
  4. Puri BK, Counsell SJ, Zaman R, et al.  Relative increase in choline in the occipital cortex in chronic fatigue syndrome. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2002;106:224–226
  5. Chaudhuri A, Cindon BR, Gow JW, Brennan D, Hadley DM. Proton magnetic resonance of basal ganglia in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuroreport. 2003;14:225–228
  6. Tanaka S, Kuratsune H, Hidaka Y, Hakariya Y, et al.  Autoantibodies against muscarinic cholinergic receptor in chronic fatigue syndrome. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2003;12:225–230
  7. Spence VA, Khan F, Belch JJF. Enhanced sensitivity of the peripheral cholinergic vascular response in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Am. J. Med. 2000;108:736–739
  8. Newton DJ, Khan F, Belch JJF. Assessment of microvascular endothelial function in human skin. Clin. Sci. 2001;101:567–572
  9. Heaney LG, Cross LJ, Stanford CF, Ennis M. Substance P induces histamine release from human pulmonary mast cells. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 1995;25:179–186
  10. Dechene L. Chronic fatigue syndrome (influence of histamine hormones and electrolytes). Med. Hypotheses. 1993;40:55–60
  11. Steinberg P, McNutt BE, Marshall P, et al.  Double-blind placebo controlled study of the efficacy of oral terfenadine in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1996;97:119–126
  12. Khan F, Spence VA, Kennedy G, Belch JJF. Prolonged acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation in the peripheral microcirculation of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging. 2003;23:282–285
  13. Kirkpatrick CJ, Bittinger F, Unger RE, et al.  The non-neuronal cholinergic system in the endothelium (evidence and possible pathobiological significance). Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 2001;85:24–28
  14. Rubenstein R, Price RW. Early inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase activity in Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of PC12 cells. J. Neurochem. 1984;42:142–150
  15. Oldstone MBA, Holmstoen J, Welsh RM. Alterations of acetylcholine enzymes in neuroblastoma cells persistently infected with lymphocyctic choriomeningitis virus. J. Cell Physiol. 1997;91:459–472
  16. Witter RF. Measurement of Blood Cholinesterase. Arch. Environ. Health. 1963;6:537–553
  17. F. Khan, G. Kennedy, V.A. Spence, D.J. Newton, J.J.F. Belch. Peripheral cholinergic function in humans with chronic fatigue syndrome, Gulf War syndrome, and with illness following organophosphate exposure. Clin. Sci. 106 (2004) 183–189.
  18. G. Kennedy, N.C. Abbot, V.A. Spence, C. Underwood, J.J.F. Belch, The specificity of the CDC-1994 criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome: comparison of health status in three groups of patients who fulfill the criteria. Ann. Epidemiol., in press.
  19. Bauersachs J, Popp R, Hecker M, Sauer E, Fleming I, Busse R. Nitric oxide attenuates the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Circulation. 1996;94:3341–3347
  20. Quilley J, Fulton D, McGiff JC. Hyperpolarizing factors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1997;54:1059–1070
  21. Harder DR, Campbell WB, Roman RJ. Role of cytochrome P-450 enzymes and metbolites of arachidonic acid in the control of vascular tone. J. Vasc. Res. 1995;32:79–92
  22. Al-Allaf AW, Khan F, Moreland J, Belch JJF. Investigation of cutaneous microvascular activity and flare response in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheumatology. 2001;40:1097–1101
  23. Morris SJ, Shore AC, Tooke JE. Responses of the skin microcirculation to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside in patients with IDDM. Diabetologia. 1995;38:1337–1344
  24. Khan F, Litchfield SJ, Stonebridge PA, Belch JJF. Lipid lowering and skin vascular responses in patients with hypercholesterolemia and peripheral arterial obstructive disease. Vasc. Med. 1999;4:233–238
  25. Khan F, Elhadd TA, Greene SA, Belch JJF. Impaired skin microvascular function in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:215–220
  26. Kvernmo HD, Stefanovska A, Kirkebùen KA, Østerud B, Kvernebo K. Enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in human skin vasculature induced by physical conditioning. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 1998;79:30–36
  27. Kawamura Y, Kihara M, Nishimoto K, Taki M. Efficacy of a half dose of oral pyridostigmine in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (three case reports). Pathophysiology. 2003;9:189–194

PII: S0952-3278(04)00013-4

doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2003.12.016

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
Volume 70, Issue 4 , Pages 403-407 , April 2004