Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
Volume 80, Issue 2 , Pages 137-142 , February 2009

Erythrocyte membrane and plasma non-esterified n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids of pregnant and non-pregnant Brazilian adolescents

Received 26 March 2008 ,Revised 3 December 2008 ,Accepted 21 December 2008.

References 

  1. Hediger ML, Scholl TO, Schall JI. Implications of the Camden study of adolescent pregnancy: interactions among maternal growth, nutritional status, and body composition. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1997;817:281–291
  2. Mascarenhas MR, Zemel BS, Tershakovec AM, Stallings VA. Adolescence. In:  Bowman BA,  Russell RM editor. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Washington, DC: ILSI Press; 2001;p. 426–438
  3. Knopp RH. Hormone-mediated changes in nutrient metabolism in pregnancy: a physiological basis for normal fetal development. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1997;817:251–271
  4. Herrera E. Metabolic adaptations in pregnancy and their implications for the availability of substrates to the fetus. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000;54(Suppl 1):S47–S51
  5. Butte NF, Hopkinson JM, Mehta N, Moon JK, Smith EO’B. Adjustments in energy expenditure and substrate utilization during late pregnancy and lactation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999;69:299–307
  6. Haggarty P. Placental regulation of fatty acid delivery and its effect on fetal growth—a review. Placenta. 2002;23(suppl A):S28–S38
  7. Uauy R, Mena P, Rojas C. Essential fatty acids in early life: structural and functional role. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2000;59:3–15
  8. Hornstra G, Al MDM, van Houwelingen AC, Foreman-van Drongelen MM. Essential fatty acids in pregnancy and early human development. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 1995;61:57–62
  9. Al MDM, van Houwelingen AC, Hornstra G. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, pregnancy, and pregnancy outcome. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000;71(suppl):285S–291S
  10. Vlaardingerbroek H, Hornstra G. Essential fatty acids in erythrocyte phospholipids during pregnancy and at delivery in mothers and their neonates: comparison with plasma phospholipids. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2004;71:363–374
  11. Parra MS, Schnaas L, Meydani M, Perroni E, Martinez S, Romieu I. Erythrocyte cell membrane phospholipid levels compared against reported dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnant Mexican women. Public Health Nutr. 2002;5:931–937
  12. Innis SM, Elias SL. Intakes of essential n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids among pregnant Canadian women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003;77:473–478
  13. Pontes PV, Torres AG, Trugo NMF, Fonseca VM, Sichieri R. n-6 and n-3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte membrane of Brazilian preterm and term neonates and their mothers at delivery. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2006;74:117–123
  14. Moran VH. A systematic review of dietary assessments of pregnant adolescents in industrialised countries. Br. J. Nutr. 2007;97:411–425
  15. Andrade RG, Pereira RA, Sichieri R. Consumo alimentar de adolescentes com e sem sobrepeso do município do Rio de Janeiro [Food intake in overweight and normal-weight adolescents in the city of Rio de Janeiro]. Cad. Saúde Públ. 2003;19:1485–1495
  16. Barros DC, Pereira RA, Gama SGN, Leal MC. O consumo alimentar de gestantes adolescentes no município do Rio de Janeiro [Food consumption by pregnant adolescents in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. Cad. Saúde Públ. 2004;20(suppl):S121–S129
  17. Meneses F, Torres AG, Trugo NMF. Essential and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status and fatty acid composition of breast milk of lactating adolescents. Br. J. Nutr. 2008;100:1029–1037
  18. Koletzko B, Cetin I, Brenna T, et al. Dietary fat intakes for pregnant and lactating women. Br. J. Nutr. 2007;98:873–877
  19. NEPA/UNICAMP–Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentos/Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos—TACO [Brazilian Food Composition Table—TACO], UNICAMP/Ministério da Saúde, Campinas, 2004.
  20. Sichieri R, Everhart JE. Validity of a Brazilian food frequency questionnaire against dietary recalls and estimated energy intake. Nutr. Res. 1998;18:1649–1659
  21. Broekhuyse RM. Long-term storage of erythrocytes for quantitative analyses of lipids. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1974;52:53–58
  22. Polette P, Durand B, Floccard D, Blache A. A method for specific analysis of free fatty acids in biological samples by capillary gas chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 1992;206:241–245
  23. Ney JG, Torres AG, Trugo NMF. Análise de ácidos graxos não-esterificados de plasma humano por cromatografia gasosa capilar com injeção sem divisão de fluxo [Analysis of nonesterified fatty acids in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography with splitless injection]. Quím. Nova. 2004;27:561–566
  24. Lepage G, Roy CC. Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one-step reaction. J. Lipid Res. 1986;27:114–120
  25. Torres AG, Ney JG, Meneses F, Trugo NMF. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid isomers in breast milk are associated with plasma nonesterified and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in lactating women. Br. J. Nutr. 2006;95:517–524
  26. Torres AG, Trugo NMF, Trugo LC. Mathematical method for the prediction of retention times of fatty acid methyl esters in temperature-programmed capillary gas-chromatography. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002;50:4156–4163
  27. Fokkema MR, Smit EN, Martini IA, Woltil HA, Boersma ER, Muskiet FAJ. Assessment of essential fatty acid and ω-3 fatty acid status by measurement of erythrocyte 20:3ω-9 (mead acid), 22:5ω-6/20:4ω-6 and 22:5ω-6/22:6ω-3. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2002;67:345–356
  28. Institute of Medicine . Prevention of Micronutrient Deficiencies—Tools for Policymakers and Public Health Workers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 1998;
  29. Institute of Medicine . Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2002;
  30. Torres AG, Trugo NMF. Evidences of Inadequate DHA States of Brazilian Pregnant and Lactating Women. Rev. Saúde Públ.; 2009;in press
  31. Bloch CA, Clemons P, Sperling MA. Puberty decreases insulin sensitivity. J. Pediatr. 1987;110:481–487
  32. Benassayag C, Mignot TM, Haourigui M, et al. High polyunsaturated fatty acid, thromboxane A2, and alpha-fetoprotein concentrations at the human feto-maternal interface. J. Lipid Res. 1997;38:276–286
  33. Butte NF, Hopkinson JM. Body composition changes during lactation are highly variable among women. J. Nutr. 1998;128:381S–385S
  34. Phinney SD, Stern JS, Burke KE, Tang AB, Miller G, Holman RT. Human subcutaneous adipose tissue shows site-specific differences in fatty acid composition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994;60:725–729
  35. Ghebremeskel K, Min Y, Crawford MA, et al. Blood fatty acid composition of pregnant and nonpregnant Korean women: red cells may act as a reservoir of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for utilization by the developing fetus. Lipids. 2000;35:567–574
  36. Keelan JA, Blumenstein M, Helliwell RJA, Sato TA, Marvin KW, Mitchell MD. Cytokines, prostaglandins and parturition—a review. Placenta. 2003;24(Suppl. A):S33–S46
  37. Burdge GC, Calder PC. Dietary α-linolenic acid and health-related outcomes: a metabolic perspective. Nutr. Res. Rev. 2006;19:26–52

 Sources of support: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES), and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Brazil.

PII: S0952-3278(08)00193-2

doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.12.005

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
Volume 80, Issue 2 , Pages 137-142 , February 2009