Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
Volume 83, Issue 3 , Pages 131-136 , September 2010

Polyunsaturated fatty acids deficits are associated with psychotic state and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia

  • M.M. Sethom

      Affiliations

    • UR05/08-08 and LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
  • ,
  • S. Fares

      Affiliations

    • UR05/08-08 and LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
  • ,
  • N. Bouaziz

      Affiliations

    • UR03/04, Department of Psychiatry F, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
  • ,
  • W. Melki

      Affiliations

    • UR03/04, Department of Psychiatry F, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
  • ,
  • R. Jemaa

      Affiliations

    • UR05/08-08 and LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
  • ,
  • M. Feki

      Affiliations

    • UR05/08-08 and LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, 1007 Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia. Tel./fax: +21671561912.
  • ,
  • Z. Hechmi

      Affiliations

    • UR03/04, Department of Psychiatry F, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
  • ,
  • N. Kaabachi

      Affiliations

    • UR05/08-08 and LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia

Received 17 May 2010 ,Revised 28 June 2010 ,Accepted 1 July 2010.

References 

  1. Karlsson I. Effects of different dietary levels of essential fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides in myelin and synaptosoma plasma membranes. J. Neurochem. 1975;25:101–107
  2. Horrobin DF. Schizophrenia as a prostaglandin deficiency disease. Lancet. 1977;1:936–937
  3. Yao JK, van Kammen DP, Welker JA. Red blood cell membrane dynamics in schizophrenia. II. Fatty acid composition. Schizophr. Res. 1994;13:217–226
  4. Glen AI, Glen EM, Horrobin DF, Vaddadi KS, Spellman M, Morse-Fisher N, et al. A red cell membrane abnormality in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients: evidence for two diseases. Schizophr. Res. 1994;12:53–61
  5. Peet M, Laugharne JD, Mellor J, Ramchand CN. Essential fatty acid deficiency in erythrocyte membranes from chronic schizophrenic patients, and the clinical effects of dietary supplementation. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 1996;55:71–75
  6. Khan MM, Evans DR, Gunna V, Scheffer RE, Parikh VV, Mahadik SP. Reduced erythrocyte membrane essential fatty acids and increased lipid peroxides in schizophrenia at the never-medicated first-episode of psychosis and after years of treatment with antipsychotics. Schizophr. Res. 2002;58:1–10
  7. Assies J, Lieverse R, Vreken P, Wanders RJ, Dingemans PM, Linszen DH. Significantly reduced docosahexaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid concentrations in erythrocyte membranes from schizophrenic patients compared with a carefully matched control group. Biol. Psychiatry. 2001;49:510–522
  8. Evans DR, Parikh VV, Khan MM, Coussons C, Buckley PF, Mahadik SP. Red blood cell membrane essential fatty acid metabolism in early psychotic patients following antipsychotic drug treatment. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2003;69:393–399
  9. Arvindakshan M, Sitasawad S, Debsikdar V, Ghate M, Evans D, Horrobin DF, et al. Essential polyunsaturated fatty acid and lipid peroxide levels in never-medicated and medicated schizophrenia patients. Biol. Psychiatry. 2003;53:56–64
  10. Reddy RD, Keshavan MS, Yao JK. Reduced red blood cell membrane essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in first episode schizophrenia at neuroleptic-naive baseline. Schizophr. Bull. 2004;30:901–911
  11. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000;(Text Revision)
  12. Moser HW, Moser AB. Techniques in Diagnostic Human Biochemical Genetics. New York: Wiley; 1991;p. 177
  13. Fenton WS, Hibbeln J, Knable M. Essential fatty acids, lipid membrane abnormalities, and the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry. 2000;47:8–21
  14. Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Mostofsky DI. Essential fatty acids are mediators of brain biochemistry and cognitive functions. J. Neurosci. Res. 1999;56:565–570
  15. Barbour B, Szatkowski M, Ingledew N, Attwell D. Arachidonic acid induces a prolonged inhibition of glutamate uptake into glial cells. Nature. 1989;342:918–920
  16. Grintal B, Champeil-Potokar G, Lavialle M, Vancassel S, Breton S, Denis I. Inhibition of astroglial glutamate transport by polyunsaturated fatty acids: evidence for a signalling role of docosahexaenoic acid. Neurochem. Int. 2009;54:535–543
  17. McNamara RK, Ostrander M, Abplanalp W, Richtand NM, Benoit SC, Clegg DJ. Modulation of phosphoinositide–protein kinase C signal transduction by omega-3 fatty acids: implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of recurrent neuropsychiatric illness. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2006;75:237–257
  18. Hibbeln JR, Makino KK, Martin CE, Dickerson F, Boronow J, Fenton WS. Smoking, gender, and dietary influences on erythrocyte essential fatty acid composition among patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 2003;53:431–441
  19. Peet M. Nutrition and schizophrenia: beyond omega-3 fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2004;70:417–422
  20. Rzehak P, Heinrich J, Klopp N, Schaeffer L, Hoff S, Wolfram G, et al. Evidence for an association between genetic variants of the fatty acid desaturase 1 fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS1–FADS2) gene cluster and the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes. Br. J. Nutr. 2009;101:20–26
  21. Ross BM, Hudson C, Erlich J, Warsh JJ, Kish SJ. Increased phospholipid breakdown in schizophrenia. Evidence for the involvement of a calcium-independent phospholipase A2. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1997;54:487–494
  22. Ranjekar PK, Hinge A, Hegde MV, Ghate M, Kale A, Sitasawad S, et al. Decreased antioxidant enzymes and membrane essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenic and bipolar mood disorder patients. Psychiatry Res. 2003;121:109–122
  23. Reddy RD, Yao JK. Environmental factors and membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2003;69:385–391
  24. Sands SA, Reid KJ, Windsor SL, Harris WS. The impact of age, body mass index, and fish intake on the EPA and DHA content of human erythrocytes. Lipids. 2005;40:343–347
  25. Sumiyoshi T, Matsui M, Itoh H, Higuchi Y, Arai H, Takamiya C, et al. Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and social cognition in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2008;157:87–93
  26. Yashodhara BM, Umakanth S, Pappachan JM, Bhat SK, Kamath R, Choo BH. Omega-3 fatty acids: a comprehensive review of their role in health and disease. Postgrad. Med. J. 2009;85:84–90
  27. Goff DC, Sullivan LM, McEvoy JP, Meyer JM, Nasrallah HA, Daumit GL, et al. A comparison of ten-year cardiac risk estimates in schizophrenia patients from the CATIE study and matched controls. Schizophr. Res. 2005;80:45–53
  28. Peet M. The metabolic syndrome, omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes in relation to schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2006;75:323–327
  29. Laugharne JD, Mellor JE, Peet M. Fatty acids and schizophrenia. Lipids. 1996;31:163–165
  30. Abi-Dargham A. Do we still believe in the dopamine hypothesis? New data bring new evidence. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004;7:1–5
  31. Zimmer L, Vancassel S, Cantagrel S, Breton P, Delamanche S, Guilloteau D, et al. The dopamine mesocorticolimbic pathway is affected by deficiency in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002;75:662–667
  32. McNamara RK, Jandacek R, Rider T, Tso P, Hahn CG, Richtand NM, et al. Abnormalities in the fatty acid composition of the postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients: gender differences and partial normalization with antipsychotic medications. Schizophr. Res. 2007;91:37–50
  33. Richardson AJ, Cyhlarova E, Ross MA. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid concentrations in red blood cell membranes relate to schizotypal traits in healthy adults. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2003;69:461–466
  34. Fernø J, Raeder MB, Vik-Mo AO, Skrede S, Glambek M, Tronstad KJ, et al. Antipsychotic drugs activate SREBP-regulated expression of lipid biosynthetic genes in cultured human glioma cells: a novel mechanism of action?. Pharmacogenomics J. 2005;5:298–304
  35. McNamara RK, Able JA, Jandacek R, Rider T, Tso P. Chronic risperidone treatment preferentially increases rat erythrocyte and prefrontal cortex omega-3 fatty acid composition: evidence for augmented biosynthesis. Schizophr. Res. 2009;107:150–157
  36. Polymeropoulos MH, Licamele L, Volpi S, Mack K, Mitkus SN, Carstea ED, et al. Common effect of antipsychotics on the biosynthesis and regulation of fatty acids and cholesterol supports a key role of lipid homeostasis in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2009;108:134–142
  37. Masand PS, Roca M, Turner MS, Kane JM. Partial adherence to antipsychotic medication impacts the course of illness in patients with schizophrenia: a review. Prim. Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2009;11:147–154

PII: S0952-3278(10)00116-X

doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.07.001

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
Volume 83, Issue 3 , Pages 131-136 , September 2010