Highlights
- •Intake of 18:1 trans fatty acids was associated with risk of hip fracture.
- •Both trans-vaccenic acid and elaidic acids inhibited osteoblast activity.
- •Trans-vaccenic acid inhibited mRNA expression of osteocalcin and type I collagen.
Abstract
High calcium intake may increase hip fracture (HF) incidence. This phenomenon, known
as the calcium paradox, might be explained by vaccenic acid (18:1t n-7, VA), the highly specific trans fatty acid (TFA) present in dairy products. First, we ecologically investigated the
relationship between 18:1 TFA intake and HF incidence using data from 12 to 13 European
countries collected before 2000; then we measured the effects of VA and elaidic acid
(18:1t n-9, EA) on osteoblasts from goldfish scales (tissues very similar to mammalian bone),
with alkaline phosphatase as a marker; and finally we measured the effect of VA on
mRNA expression in the scales for the major bone proteins type I collagen and osteocalcin.
HF incidence was significantly correlated with 18:1 TFA intake in men (r=0.57) and women (r=0.65). Incubation with 1 μmol/L VA and EA for 48 h significantly decreased alkaline phosphatase activity by 25% and 21%, respectively.
Incubation of scales with 10 μmol/L VA for 48 h significantly decreased mRNA expression for type I collagen and osteocalcin (by
about 50%). In conclusion, VA may be causatively related to HF and could explain the
calcium paradox. It may be prudent to reduce 18:1 TFA intake, irrespective of trans positions, to prevent HF.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 05, 2016
Accepted:
April 4,
2016
Received in revised form:
April 4,
2016
Received:
January 27,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
