Highlights
- •N-3 PUFA efficacy is related to oxidative stress indices in schizophrenia.
- •N-3 PUFA and placebo group presented with significant decrease in 8-epi-iso-PGF2α.
- •Both groups showed increase in total plasma anti-oxidant capacity (TAC).
- •The changes in 8-epi-iso-PGF2α and TAC were significantly higher in n-3 PUFA group.
- •Clinical improvement and oxidative indices change were significantly correlated.
Abstract
Intervention studies of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) as add-on therapy
in patients with schizophrenia have not examined changes in oxidative stress. A randomized
placebo-controlled trial of a 26-week intervention composed of 2.2 g/day of n-3 PUFA was found to reduce symptom severity in first-episode schizophrenia
patients. The present study is an extension of our previous report, whose secondary
aim was to assess the association between the clinical effect of n-3 PUFA and changes
in oxidative stress indices. Seventy-one patients aged 16–35 were enrolled in the
study and randomly assigned to the study arms. Total plasma antioxidant capacity and
8-epi-isoprostane F2α content were assessed at baseline and at weeks 8 and 26 of the study as secondary
outcome measures. Significant changes in oxidative stress indices favouring the intervention
group were observed: decreases in 8-isoprostane F2α (p<0.001) and increases in total plasma antioxidant capacity (p<0.001). Significant
correlations between changes in clinical scores relevant to symptom severity and changes
in oxidative indices were observed. The results of the present study hence suggest
that the efficacy of a six-month intervention with n-3 PUFA observed in first-episode
schizophrenia may be related to improvement in oxidative stress indices.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Oxidative stress in schizophrenia: an integrated approach.Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2011; 35: 878-893
- Oxidative Stress Mechanisms and their Modulation.Springer, New Delhi2014
- Free Radicals in the Brain: Aging, Neurological and Mental Disorders.Springer, 2012
- Neurobiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the role of oxidative stress.Ann. Acad. Med Singap. 2009; 38 (396): 396
- Antioxidants, redox signaling, and pathophysiology in schizophrenia: an integrative view.Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2011; 15: 2011-2035
- Oxidative stress and schizophrenia: recent breakthroughs from an old story.Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 2014; 27: 185-190
- Implications for reactive oxygen species in schizophrenia pathogenesis.Schizophr. Res. 2016; 176: 52-71
- Meta-analysis of oxidative stress in schizophrenia.Biol. Psychiatry. 2013; 74: 400-409
- Isoprostanes as biomarkers and mediators of oxidative injury in infant and adult central nervous system diseases.Curr. Neurovascular Res. 2004; 1: 341-354
- Systematic review on the association between F2-isoprostanes and cardiovascular disease.Ann. Clin. Biochem. 2013; 50: 108-114
- Isoprostanes and neuroprostanes as biomarkers of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases.Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2014; 2014: 572491
- Oxidative-antioxidative systems and their relation with serum S100 B levels in patients with schizophrenia: effects of short term antipsychotic treatment.Progress. neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2007; 31: 1164-1169
- Isoprostenes as indicators of oxidative stress in schizophrenia.World J. Biol. Psychiatry.: Off. J. World Fed. Soc. Biol. Psychiatry. 2009; 10: 27-33
- Eicosapentaenoic acid interventions in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled studies.J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012; 32: 179-185
- Omega-3 fatty acids in first-episode schizophrenia - a randomized controlled study of efficacy and relapse prevention (OFFER): rationale, design, and methods.BMC Psychiatry. 2015; 15: 97
- A randomized controlled study of the efficacy of six-month supplementation with concentrated fish oil rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in first episode schizophrenia.J. Psychiatr. Res. 2016; 73: 34-44
- The mini-International neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10.J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1998; 59 (quiz 34-57): S22-S33
M. Jarema, Standardy leczenia farmakologicznego niektórych zaburzeń psychicznych, Via Medica, Gdańsk, 2011.
- The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.Schizophr. Bull. 1987; 13: 261-276
W. Guy, The Clinical Global Impression Scale, in: ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology-Revised, 1976, pp. 218–222.
- A brief mental health outcome scale-reliability and validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).Br. J. Psychiatry.: J. Ment. Sci. 1995; 166: 654-659
- Reliability and validity of a depression rating scale for schizophrenics.Schizophr. Res. 1992; 6: 201-208
- Fundamentals of Clinical Trials.4th ed. Springer, New York2010
- Development, reproducibility and validity of the food frequency questionnaire in the Poland arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study.J. Human. Nutr. Diet.: Off. J. Br. Diet. Assoc. 2012; 25: 225-232
J. Cohen, Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd ed. ed., L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale N.J., 1988.
- Oxidative stress and schizophrenia: recent breakthroughs from an old story.Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 2014; 27: 185-190
- Reduced erythrocyte membrane essential fatty acids and increased lipid peroxides in schizophrenia at the never-medicated first-episode of psychosis and after years of treatment with antipsychotics.Schizophr. Res. 2002; 58: 1-10
- Red blood cell polyunsaturated fatty acids measured in red blood cells and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.Psychiatry Res. 2013; 207: 1-12
- Erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in young people at ultra-high risk for psychotic disorder and healthy adolescent controls.Psychiatry Res. 2015; 228: 174-176
- The impact of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins E and C supplementation on treatment outcome and side effects in schizophrenia patients treated with haloperidol: an open-label pilot study.Progress. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2007; 31: 1493-1499
- Effects of omega-3 PUFA on the vitamin E and glutathione antioxidant defense system in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis.Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids. 2015;
- Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for indicated prevention of psychotic disorders: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Arch. General. Psychiatry. 2010; 67: 146-154
- Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation in healthy middle-aged and older adults: a randomized controlled trial.Brain Behav. Immun. 2012; 26: 988-995
- Omega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length: a randomized controlled trial.Brain Behav. Immun. 2013; 28: 16-24
- Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity and Anti-ageing Biomarkers After Diet Micronutrient Supplementation, Molecules. 19. Basel, Switzerland2014: 14794-14808
- Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): an ancient nutrient for the modern human brain.Nutrients. 2011; 3: 529-554
- Mechanisms of action of (n-3) fatty acids.J. Nutr. 2012; 142: 592S-599S
- Inflammation and schizophrenia.Schizophr. Bull. 2013; 39: 1174-1179
- Pro-/anti-inflammatory dysregulation in patients with first episode of psychosis: toward an integrative inflammatory hypothesis of schizophrenia.Schizophr. Bull. 2014; 40: 376-387
- Transcriptomic analysis of the effects of a fish oil enriched diet on murine brains.PLoS One. 2014; 9: e90425
- n-3 fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: new mechanisms to explain old actions.Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2013; 72: 326-336
- Neuropathological responses to chronic NMDA in rats are worsened by dietary n-3 PUFA deprivation but are not ameliorated by fish oil supplementation.PLoS One. 2014; 9: e95318
- Omega-3 fatty acids can reverse the long-term deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity caused by prenatal ethanol exposure.Neurosci. Lett. 2013; 551: 7-11
- Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in first-episode psychosis. A 1H-MRS study.Biol. Psychiatry. 2008; 33: 2467-2473
- Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2007; 68: 1867-1875
- Cognitive enhancement by omega-3 fatty acids from child-hood to old age: findings from animal and clinical studies.Neuropharmacology. 2013; 64: 550-565
- Effects of niacin and omega-3 fatty acids on the apolipoproteins in overweight patients with elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol.Atherosclerosis. 2015; 240: 520-525
- Longitudinal associations of serum fatty acid composition with type 2 diabetes risk and markers of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.Eur. J. Nutr. 2015;
T.A. Rix, A.M. Joensen, S. Riahi, S. Lundbye-Christensen, A. Tjonneland, E.B. Schmidt, K. Overvad, A U-shaped association between consumption of marine n-3 fatty acids and development of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter-a Danish cohort study, Europace: European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology: Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 16, 2014, pp. 1554–1561.
- Indications for Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.Heart Lung Circ. 2015;
- Fish, omega-3 long-chain fatty acids, and all-cause mortality in a low-income US population: results from the Southern Community Cohort Study.Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis.: NMCD. 2015; 25: 651-658
Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 26, 2017
Accepted:
May 25,
2017
Received in revised form:
January 10,
2017
Received:
September 2,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
